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Pyotr Stolypin
Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin (; – ), chairman of the Council of Ministers, served as Prime Minister, and Minister of Internal Affairs from 1906 to 1911. His tenure was marked by efforts to counter revolutionary groups and by the implementation of noteworthy agrarian reforms. Stolypin was a monarchist and hoped to strengthen the throne. He is considered one of the last major statesmen of Imperial Russia with clearly defined public policies and the determination to undertake major reforms.〔(Imperial Russia, 1815-1917 - Position Paper )〕
==Family and background==
Stolypin seems to have been born in Baden-Baden on 14 April 1862, but was baptized in Dresden, on 24 May in the Russian Orthodox Church. His family was prominent in the Russian aristocracy and his ancestors had served the tsars since the sixteenth century and as a reward for their service had accumulated huge estates in several provinces. Arkady Dmitrievich Stolypin (1821–99), his father, was a general in the Russian artillery, the governor of Rumelia and Commandant of the Kremlin Palace. He was married twice. His second wife, Natalia Mikhailovna Stolypina (''née'' Gorchakova; 1827–89), was the daughter of Prince Mikhail Dmitrievich Gorchakov, the Commanding General of the Russian infantry during the Crimean War and later the Governor General of Warsaw.
Pyotr grew up on the family estate ''Serednikovo'', once inhabited by Mikhail Lermontov, and near Moscow. From 1869, Stolypin spent his childhood years in Kalnaberžė manor (now Kėdainiai district of Lithuania), built by his father, a place that remained his favorite residence for the rest of life.〔()〕 In 1876, the Stolypin family moved to Vilnius, where he studied at the local grammar school. In 1879 the family moved to Oryol. In 1881 he studied agriculture at St. Petersburg University where one of his teachers was Dmitri Mendeleev. He entered government service upon graduating in 1885, writing his thesis on tobacco growing. It is unclear if he joined the Ministry of State Property or Internal Affairs. Four years later Stolypin was elected marshal of the Kovno Governorate. This public service gave him an inside view of local needs and allowed him to develop administrative skills. He was fascinated by the common lifestyle of the Northwestern Krai and sought to propagate their privately owned, single-family farmsteads throughout the Russian Empire.〔(Memory of Stolypin immortalized in Vilnius )〕
In 1884, Stolypin had married Olga Borisovna Neidhardt, the daughter of a prominent Russian family. She had been engaged to his brother Mikhail, who had died two years earlier in a duel. They raised five daughters and a son.〔Blumberg, Arnold. ''Great Leaders, Great Tyrants?: Contemporary Views of World Rulers Who Made History'', p. 302. Greenwood Press, 1995, ISBN 0-313-28751-1.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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